Programmable Logic Controller free essay sample

To react to these wonderful changes, we present the second version of Programmable Controllers: Theory and Implementation. This subsequent version, similar to the first, gives a far reaching hypothetical, yet down to earth, take a gander at all parts of PLCs and their related gadgets and frameworks. In any case, this variant goes above and beyond with new parts on cutting edge PLC subjects, for example, I/O transport systems, fluffy rationale, the IEC 1131-3 programming standard, process control, and PID calculations. This new release likewise presents changed, forward-thinking data about existing themes, with extended designs and new, hands-on models. Besides, the new format of the bookâ€with highlights like two-tone illustrations, key terms records, very much characterized headings and segments, callout symbols, and an overhauled, extended glossary†makes the data introduced considerably more obvious. This new release has been a work serious learning experience for every one of those included. Similarly as with any errand so enormous, we would never have done only it. We will compose a custom exposition test on Programmable Logic Controller or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Luis Bryan holds a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering certificate and a Master of Science in Electrical Engineering qualification, both from the University of Tennessee. His significant specialized topics are advanced frameworks, gadgets, and PC designing. During his alumni considers, Luis was associated with a few undertakings with national and worldwide legislative offices. Luis has broad involvement with the field of programmable controllers. He was engaged with global showcasing exercises, just as PLC applications improvement, for a significant programmable controller maker. He additionally worked for a counseling firm, giving business sector examines and companyspecific meetings about PLCs. Moreover, Luis has given talks and courses in Canada, Mexico, and South America about the employments of programmable controllers. He keeps on instructing courses to industry and government substances, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Luis is a functioning individual from a few expert associations, including the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the IEEE’s instrument and PC social orders. He is a senior individual from the Instrument Society of America, just as an individual from Phi Kappa Phi respect society and Eta Kappa Nu electrical designing honor society. Luis has coauthored a few different books about programmable controllers. E RIC B RYAN Eric Bryan moved on from the University of Tennessee with a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering certificate, amassing in computerized structure and PC design. He got a Master of Science in Engineering qualification from the Georgia Institute of Technology, where he partook in an exceptional PC incorporated assembling (CIM) program. Eric’s strengths are modern mechanization techniques, adaptable assembling frameworks (FMS), and man-made consciousness. He is a backer of man-made consciousness usage and its application in mechanical computerization. Eric worked for a main programmed laser assessment frameworks organization, just as a programmable controller counseling firm. His mechanical experience incorporates planning and actualizing huge review frameworks, alongside creating PLC-based frameworks. Eric has coauthored different distributions about PLCs and is an individual from a few expert and specialized social orders.

White Angel By Michael Cunningham an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

White Angel By Michael Cunningham Michael Cunningham was known for his energy in introducing the certainties behind human real factors in his composed manifestations. He has been known as a multi-granted essayist who for such a large number of ways, in the midst of the way that he is a gay, have contacted the hearts of his perusers concerning how they principally see the genuine impacts of human connections inside the character improvements of the people in the general public. Their enthusiastic impression of the various circumstances in the human condition has really made an explained introduction of the various characters of the tales that he has composed. Need paper test on White Angel By Michael Cunningham subject? We will compose a custom paper test explicitly for you Continue His account of the White Angel portrays the way that there are those individuals who see more than what the real circumstances see of a specific human person. It could be noticed that this story is undoubtedly a contacting situation of a more youthful youngster who can see past what is really observed from his sibling. The enthusiastic introductions in this were made solid through the way that there are diverse allegorical characterizations utilized by the creator to constantly develop the impacts of the situations that should picture the feelings of the characters. Students Usually Tell EssayLab specialists:How much do I need to pay somebody to compose my paper online?Professional journalists suggest:Top Rated Essay Writing Service Hire Writers For Blogs Cheap Essay Help University Essay Writing Service This specific perusing have gotten an honor for the sake of Cunningham as one of the most read and best composed short stories in the American locales writing assortments. Cunningham has really had the option to send the best thoughts he had with respects fellowship and love between blood-family members that outperforms any kind of inabilities with respect to the characters of the characters that he has utilized in the story. The tale of Cunningham really discusses a more youthful kid adoring his more seasoned sibling who for some point isn't that praiseworthy at all to others in their locale. For what reason is this so? This is fundamentally a result of the way that his sibling is known for his dependence in medications and alcohol just as for the way that he adores awesome music, which was before known as a kind of music cherished by the defiant ages. Continually observing this reality about his sibling anyway didn't change his perspective on his sibling anytime. It could be noticed that through the improvement of the story, the more youthful youngster kept on scanning for something great in his sibling. The confidence that he has upon the more seasoned kid really helped him in observing what is past what the others find in his sibling. Through the said introduction, Cunningham had the option to distinguish the thicker kind of the impact of blood-relativity contrasted with that of the responses that the world may really suggest on a few people in the general public. The individuals who are identified with the said characters, regardless of whether they are seen by the world as nuisances, it could be seen that families stay as the solid mass of help for the powerless and sad individuals in the general public today. Comprehension and Analyzing the Story Cunningham has just made an obscure notoriety in the realm of American writing. It could be noticed that through this specific short story, he had the option to assuage that specific notoriety that he has been bringing during that time of his composing calling. The figurative introductions that he has utilized in the finishing of this specific story has been noted as one of the most affecting introduction that he has adjusted to fortify the enthusiastic experiences in the story. The usage of the various components of nature to especially speak to the developed enthusiastic effect of the various situations among the characters situational situating through the finish of the whole story. Nearby the use of the ecological components, for example, the climate and the tranquility of the night, he was likewise ready to use the various things that existed inside the earth of the characters to have the option to enable the perusers to picture in a much distinctive appearance, what the charact ers really feel about their various experiences in the story. The title was for sure appropriate for the story as it delineates the hypothesis that a small kid as that of the one venerating his sibling in the midst of all the character deserts that he has as observed by the general public fills in as the reflection of the genuine great bits of knowledge of the other individual. Since a small kid accepts on the undoubted confidence that an individual really has a decent side, the title of this short story is in reality speaking to most perusers. This is genuine especially to those perusers who are from multiple points of view ready to finish up at the principal look of the title that the story would be about dependable honesty that will be introduced through one of the characters in a specific composed work. After perusing this material, it could be noticed that there are various issues that has been introduced that really influences the family setting that is especially present in the general public today. It could be noticed that this story presents a real confident case that there may in any case be something acceptable inside the character of those individuals who are especially influenced by the diverse common impacts of the general public today. As the creator himself noted in the prelude of the story: life is distinctive according to the youthful and honest ones, they generally observe the great past the terrible (Cunningahm, 25). The guiltlessness of youngsters has been utilized in this story as one of the essential reasons why the world despite everything seeks after change among individuals who are clearly wronged by the general public on account of their trademark and due to their works. The passionate effect of the story among the perusers positively fortifies the however that individuals who have been coordinated to an inappropriate way of living still groups an opportunity of changing their ways for those individuals who accept that they can to be sure despite everything change for good. End Composing and the gathered written works of the world absolutely have various impacts among individuals inside the current society. Steady consideration given to the focal point of their topics and the effect of the gave stories the lives of the individuals in the current society will enable perusers to comprehend what the messages of the accounts really need to pass on. This is especially why the various compositions of Cunningham got various acknowledgments around the globe. His compositions and the methodology that he utilizes in introducing his accounts makes a notoriety for his to take solid remain on the things that he puts stock in and in this way influence the human culture straightforwardly. As it could be noted through this investigation, his story on the White Angel really influenced the perspectives on individuals with respect to how others ought to be seen in the midst of all the character abandons that they may have caused throughout everyday life. References: Cunningham, Michael. (1989). Bookclub in a crate. Bookclub-In-A-Box; second release.

Result of the Black Plague on the West seen through Malthus essays

Aftereffect of the Black Plague on the West observed through Malthus expositions In spite of the fact that the aftereffect of the Black Plague is at first disintegration, found in Boccaccio's Decameron, the decrease animates endeavors at change and restoration. In 1798 the English pastor Thomas Malthus distributed the primary release of his persuasive Essay on the Principle of Population. In it, Malthus infers that the plague doesn't end western culture. Despite what might be expected, the plague permits it to thrive and guarantees its endurance. Boccaccio gives an abundance of data about the plague in his Decameron. The book is set in 1338, the year the plague struck Florence. Seven ladies and three men escape the plague in the city for the security of a nation estate. On their ten-day excursion to the estate, every one of the explorers engages the others with a story. The outcome is a lot of one hundred stories encircled inside the bigger story of the voyagers' excursion. Boccaccio composes all things considered and expressively of the awfulness of the plague. He permits every one of his characters an unmistakable voice to recount accounts of appeal, pity, indelicacy, puzzle, and dramatization. The plague and the passing coming about because of it are two significant themes in the Decameron. It very well may be contended that the Black Plague of 1338 and 1339 was the most annihilating catastrophic event to ever strike the European mainland. The populaces of certain urban areas and towns as far expelled from one another as in England and Italy fall by more than seventy or 80% before the finish of the plague. By 1420, Europe can just flaunt about a third its populace contrasted with what it could just a single hundred years prior. To really comprehend the plague and its obliteration, one must comprehend its causes. In the mid 1340's, the plague moves westbound along the silk course and enters the Mongol Khanate of the Golden Horde. However, it is as yet contained inside the incomparable Eurasian landmass. As of now, numerous Europeans start to hear stories of an extraordinary plague from the Far East voyagers. Most get over it. Hardly any take it ve... <!

Discuss the benefits and environmental implications of applying Essay

Examine the advantages and ecological ramifications of applying manures and other natural corrections to farming area - Essay Example These incorporate sewage oozes, civil strong squanders, urban yard cannot, food industry buildups, wood handling squanders, and horticultural harvest deposits; these are created in impressive amounts by the human network, especially in urban, exceptionally populated zones, state Senesi et al (1996). Other than their application to agrarian land after suitable treatment, different choices for their removal are cremation, land filling, and release to water bodies. Nonetheless, the most naturally sheltered and financially palatable arrangement is the use of manures and other natural corrections to agrarian land. â€Å"This decision likewise gives focal points which may bring about soil richness and agrarian creation benefits† (Senesi et al, 1996, p.533). Natural squanders and buildups of any nature require proper treatment before soil application. ... conomic advantages to horticulture, the measures to forestall unfavorable ecological results, elective choices, and whether advantages exceed negative impacts will be inspected. Advantages OF APPLYING COMPOSTS AND OTHER ORGANIC AMENDMENTS TO AGRICULTURAL LANDS The use of manure benefits the natural, substance and physical properties of soil. Naturally, fertilizer advances the improvement of fauna and microflora, diminishes plants’ vulnerability to assault by parasites, and supports the quicker root advancement of plants. Artificially, fertilizer has helpful results on soil in a few different ways. It â€Å"increases supplement content, transforms mineral substances in soil into structures accessible to plants, and controls the expansion of minerals to soil, especially nitrogenous compounds† (EPA, 1994, p.87). Moreover, fertilizer fills in as a support in making minerals accessible to plants, and gives a wellspring of micronutrients. Also, fertilizer improves various phy sical qualities of the dirt including the soil’s â€Å"texture, water maintenance limit, penetration, protection from wind and water disintegration, air circulation limit, and basic and temperature stability† (EPA, 1994, p.87). In Tigray Region of Ethiopia, the Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development attempted since 1998 the creation of fertilizer as a piece of its expansion bundle. By 2007, at any rate 25% of the ranchers were making and utilizing fertilizer. The achievement of this methodology is underscored by the multiplying in the amount of grain yield somewhere in the range of 2003 and 2006, from 714 to 1,354 thousand tons. Simultaneously, since 1998, there has likewise been a consistent lessening in the utilization of synthetic manure from 13.7 to 8.2 thousand tons (Asmelash, Araya, Egziabher et al, 2007, p.19). Different districts of Ethiopia are additionally advancing

A History of Linux essays

A History of Linux articles A youthful undergrad named Linus Torvalds began Linux in 1991. He began this as an interest dependent on Minix, a little form of Unix. His objective was to develop the capacities of Minix and consider a framework that surpassed its abilities. In 1991 he discharged form 0.2, the principal adaptation of the Linux part. He proceeded with chip away at his venture consistently until the arrival of form 1.0 in 1994. As of January 2001 Linux had arrived at rendition 2.4 and it keeps on being refreshed each day. A challenge was held to make the Linux logo. It was chosen by Linus Torvalds that the mascot would be a penguin. This was chosen since it is his preferred creature. During the challenge numerous individuals entered their renditions of what it ought to resemble. Linus experienced each of these and didn't see whatever spoke to the working framework well. He felt that the penguin should look extremely content, not irate or brutal, or even excessively cheerful, simply content. He likewise felt that it should seem as though it is somewhat overweight with the goal that it looks as though it had quite recently pigged out itself on herring. The penguin was to be sitting since he felt that had it recently glutted itself the penguin wouldnt need to be standing, it would need to plunk down and unwind. After numerous letters from Linus to various individuals the logo was intended to his particulars. The beanbag of bliss we presently know as TUX was made and sat speaking to Linux in his own novel manner. ... <!

A Moral Tale Religion and Instruction in The Happy Prince - Literature Essay Samples

The Happy Prince by Oscar Wilde tells the story of a personified gold statue that used to be alive, that slowly sacrifices himself in order to lessen the suffering of others. He asks the help of a bird, who also ends up sacrificing his life in order to fulfill the moral mission of the statue. For their sacrifices, God grants them an eternal spot in his â€Å"garden† and his â€Å"city of gold†. This story is a moral tale that reflects on the nature of happiness and the most moral way to conduct oneself—happiness comes from altruism, and the â€Å"best† people sacrifice themselves for the sake of others. In the beginning of the story, the people of the city see the Happy Prince, the statue, as beautiful and happy. However, the statue cries because he sees all of the suffering in the city—he is not happy the way that people in the city view him, suggesting that the reasons that the city believe he is happy do not bring him true happiness. For example, â€Å"sad men looked at the statue and said, ‘I am glad that someone in the world is happy.’ However, the statue explains to the bird he meets that when he was alive, â€Å"I was called the Happy Prince. I was pleased with my little world. Now I am dead, and they have put me up here. I can see all the unhappiness of my city. My heart now is made of a cheap metal. But even that poor heart can feel, and so I cry.† The Happy Prince aches because of the suffering of the world, despite the way he was happy and ignorant of this in his past life. The bird says to himself in response to this, â€Å"He is not all gold —he is only gold on the outside.† This represents that the way that the Happy Prince found happiness in his past life was superficial, because it did nothing to alleviate the suffering of the world. Although he appears happy to outsiders, his soul is tormented because he finally understands the pain of the world. The bird dies and the Happy Prince is thrown out, but God accepts them into his paradise, which suggests a religious lesson in addition to a moral one—people should sacrifice themselves for others while on Earth in order to find happiness and to live in paradise after death. The Happy Prince slowly destroys himself for the sake of helping other people. He asks the bird to take the jewels and stones from his body, and then finally asks the bird to take the gold off his body and give it to the people of the city. He makes these sacrifices because sacrificing himself like this is the only thing that feel fulfilling to him, he cannot feel happiness while he has riches that other people do not. The bird sacrifices himself by helping—he needs to go to Egypt for the winter, but dies in the cold because he chooses to help the Happy Prince instead. At the very end of the short story, the Happy Prince’s heart, which is all that is left of him, is thrown away by workmen alo ng with the bird’s body. However, God rewards this sacrifice. He asks his servants, â€Å"Bring me the two best things in the city,† and the servants bring him the Prince’s broken heart and the dead bird’s body. Thus, God allows them to live in eternal paradise. Without the religious component to the story, the reader may have questioned whether the sacrifices that the Happy Prince and the bird made were worth it. After all, they both gave their lives, and they may not have made much of a difference in the overall living standard of the city. Their sacrifices on Earth were not recognized—the workmen threw out the bird and what was left of the Happy Prince. However, God ultimately rewarded these sacrifices. The lesson of The Happy Prince is clear: Sacrificing oneself for others is a moral and religious duty. The Happy Prince began his life being happy because of the riches of his life, but soon realized that he could not be happy while others suffered. The bird he met helped in his sacrifice, and both of them gave their lives. These deeds were not rewarded on Earth, although they made the lives of others easier, and they did not receive any sort of recognition for their sacrifices until God recognized them. The intent of this story is for the reader to draw parallels to their own lives—a person should not do good deeds because they want to be rewarded, they should do them because it is the right thing to do, and that God will ultimately reward this moral behavior.

The Pain of Research Project Essay

The Pain of Research Project Essay Explain briefly the significant points you want to cover in your paper and why readers ought to be interested in your topic. You're able to embed a quick quote of a crucial phrase in paraphrased material and provide the page number of the quote. A couple of pages might be adequate for some papers. Nobody will argue that It's quite challenging to compose an academic paper if there's no structure for it. Our writers make certain all your demands are met to get the standard of papers you would like. You can boost your research paper assignment writings by employing a professional writer who can assist you with any sort of academic writing at a manageable price tag. The general style and tone of your research paper are contingent on the audience it is targeted at. In the event of a lengthier project, it is a challenge to imagine a successful writing process with no obstacles in the event the outline is missing. There are a lot of tactics to create an outline and it is sensible to try out various versions to determine what works for you. The outline often includes every element that you'd like to go into an undertaking. It could be helpful as you're developing your outline to likewise write down a tentative collection of references. The Upside to Research Project Essay A raw data must go in the appendix. Your sources have to be identified utilizing the Harvard referencing system. You're encouraged to use secondary investigating to provide context and conduct primary data collection. Just like any research undertaking, you're accountable for evaluating source material and ensuring the assortment of credible sources. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Research Project Essay You should think about your paper may prove to be of use to one or more of the parties involved with the situation you're studying. Your paper can address human rights norms which were violated in that situation before, or that could be violated later on. A Secret Weapon for Research Project Essay Although unfinished, it will provide you a notion of how you might proceed. Your attitude to the topic may well decide on the amount of work and enthusiasm which you put into your research. You make an obvious point what you're going to discuss and why is it important. Whe n you've already decided what topic you'll be writing about, the following thing you ought to pay attention to is the reach of your paper or what you're going to be including in your discussion. Research Project Essay for Dummies The maturation of proposals vary on the purpose in which they're deemed meaningful and beneficial. They help you estimate the size of a project. Planning not only enters the research itself but into multiple phases of the draft. Developing a research project proposal is similar to developing a quick small business proposal. Know how your essay is going to be evaluated. Make the reader believe the given paper comprises the beneficial details on the appropriate problem and matters for the growth of science. Writing a research paper is as essential as performing the true research or experiment itself and can seem to be an extremely daunting undertaking. Writing a career research paper is usually done so the writer can explore a specific area of work they may be considering. Students should cooperate with their mentors early on to ascertain the acceptable nature and range of their research. For appropriate writing they need to choose a suitable topic which is approved by the supervisor and also helps them score the highest grades. If more students were given the chance to explore career paths in middle school and higher school, they may be more motivated to work hard in school to enter a great college. Nursing students can choose from a selection of education alternatives to turn into a registered nurse. Make sure you have fulfilled all your career research paper requirements. Check conclusion writing advice to help you draft a productive conclusion for your research proposal. Finding out how to compose a comprehensive outline for a research paper is a more elaborate course of action. College students should use a suitable numbering for unique sections. Otherwise, maybe you've just provided a summary rather than creating an argument. Next, you're going to be redirected to a page at which you will give as many details as possible about the undertaking. Give a description of major loopholes or issues which you would aim to deal with in your undertaking. The template is absolutely free to download.

The Presentation of the Relationship Between Beatrice and...

The Presentation of the Relationship Between Beatrice and Benedick in Shakespeare’s Much Ado about Nothing Beatrice is the niece of Leonato, a wealthy governor of Messina. She is feisty, cynical, sharp and witty. Benedick has recently returned from fighting in the wars. He is also witty, and like Beatrice is always making jokes and puns. They both continue a ‘merry war’ against each other, in which Beatrice often wins the battles. ‘They never met but there’s a skirmish of wit between them’, as Leonato says. They both appear content never to marry and swear never to fall in love. Beatrice then describes their last fight, when ‘four of his five wits went halting off’, and she continues teasingly to mock†¦show more content†¦This could also be suggested in the way Benedick uses ‘thou’ to address Beatrice and Beatrice uses ‘You’ to address Benedick. Shakespeare may have used this technique to show Beatrice has less status than Benedick. It could also mean that she is being more reserved and cautious towards Be nedick. The love story between Beatrice and Benedick begins from the love between Claudio and Hero. Their relationship also depends upon and compliments Claudio and Hero’s relationship. These relationships are contrasted with each other. This appears significant because they link together to create an image of understanding and harmony. Beatrice and Benedick previously know each other and continue a ‘merry war’ that started when they first met. When they eventually fall in love it shows their maturity that they can show their feelings. In contrast to the young lovers Claudio and Hero, they are older and more mature. However, their constant competitiveness reveals them to be childish when it comes to love. Claudio quickly falls in love with Hero when he arrives, while Beatrice and Benedick resume the war of witty insults they have carried on from the past. By the end of the play, however, Beatrice and Benedick have earned each other. This isShow MoreRelatedShakespeares Presentation of Hero and Beatrice in Much Ado About Nothing1442 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeares Presentation of Hero and Beatrice in Much Ado About Nothing Hero and Beatrice are the two main female characters in Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing and they tell us a lot about how Shakespeare saw women in the context of the sixteenth century upper classes. In looking at the presentation of the characters it is important to examine their entrance into the play and what first impressions the audience gets of their personality and appearance. AlthoughRead More Differences between Beatrice and Hero in Much Ado about Nothing1203 Words   |  5 PagesDifferences between Beatrice and Hero in the early scenes of Shakespeare’s play ‘Much Ado about Nothing’ Shakespeare’s play ‘Much Ado about Nothing’ has two main female characters, Beatrice and Hero, who are cousins. Both appear to be completely different in the beginning of the play but, as things progress and their characters develop, there are also some very obvious similarities between them. Hero and Beatrice have a very close relationship; they are best friends. Leonato is Hero’s father butRead More William Shakespeares Presentation of the Two Pairs of Lovers in Much Ado About Nothing 1857 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Presentation of the Two Pairs of Lovers in Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing would have been pronounced Much Ado About Noting in Shakespeares time. Noting would infer seeing how things appear on the surface as opposed to how things really are. This provides an immediate clue as to how the play and the presentation of the story of the two pairs of lovers would be received by an audience of the time, livingRead More Much Ado About Nothing Essay: Love Found and Conflict Resolved1972 Words   |  8 PagesFound and Conflict Resolved in Much Ado About Nothing      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Much Ado About Nothing is a lighthearted play that Shakespeare wrote between 1598 and 1600. It has been described as one of his more mature romantic comedies (Bevington, 216). This play focuses on two different relationships, formed by two pairs of lovers. The comparison between how people went about getting married back then and how they do it now is similar in some ways. Much Ado About Nothing portrays the manner in which peopleRead More Classical Imagery in Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Essay3559 Words   |  15 PagesClassical Imagery in Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing The romance of history has lured many of the worlds greatest authors to search for their subject matter in the pages of time. William Shakespeare serves as a unfailing embodiment of the emotion of days past; yet he also turned to those before him. The comedy Much Ado About Nothing is a poignant love story, riddled with stunning imagery and allusion. An examination of the development of certain characters, the imagery and allusion, dictionRead MoreDiscuss the Differences Between Beatrice and Hero in the Early Scenes of the Play1226 Words   |  5 PagesDiscuss the differences between Beatrice and Hero in the early scenes of the play Shakespeares play ‘Much Ado about Nothing has two main female characters, Beatrice and Hero, who are cousins. Both appear to be completely different in the beginning of the play but, as things progress and their characters develop, there are also some very obvious similarities between them. Hero and Beatrice have a very close relationship; they are best friends. Leonato is Heros father but Beatrice has no parents, whichRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing And King Lear3685 Words   |  15 PagesName: Instructors’ Name: Course: Date: Analysis of Shakespeare’s powerful female characters in the play â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing† and â€Å"King Lear Introduction Shakespeare is seen to value the role of women as his plays often portray women as heroines. These women have strong characters that endear them to readers. Readers in our current world, and especially women, are encouraged to be self-assertive in demand for equal treatment in our society. This has been the tradition for women in the WesternRead MoreLove in Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare Essay2260 Words   |  10 PagesLove in Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare Shakespeare is well known for presenting the full repertoire of human emotions, and love is no exception. Much Ado About Nothing is unquestionably a play about love. Shakespeare provides the audience with a whole gamut of lovers from the banal Claudio and Hero to the rebellious Beatrice and Benedick. It is this range which allows Shakespeare to critique the conventions and perceptions within his renaissance society

Self and Leadership Assessment Project Free Essay Example, 4500 words

The next portion of my personal assessment will include some biographical information, look at some family events and individuals who have impacted my life significantly, and describe some of the activities that bring me joy. I will then evaluate that information to see how I can use it to my advantage. I was born in a Qatari family in the city of Kuwait in May of 1976. At the time of my birth and until the age of five, my family and I lived in Kuwait where my father was the Ambassador of Qatar. After returning to Qatar, I completed my High school Diploma in Arts and earned a Bachelor of Arts in English Literature from Qatar University. My initial intent was to proceed with my studies to obtain a higher degree in translation from the United Kingdom. Prior to my travel to the UK, however, I received an employment offer that changed my plans. I became determined to pursue my career in Management and therefore, decided to change my field from translation to Management because I rea lized that translation, being a routine-type of the profession, would not appeal to me. My family history and background has had a significant impact on my decisions, ambitions and mostly, my personality. I come from a line of educated and intellectual individuals who served in the diplomatic and political arena in the country. My grandfather wanted to be a pioneer in establishing a parliamentary political system in Qatar. As a result of his revolutionary ideas, he was imprisoned for a number of years and his family migrated to Kuwait to avoid persecution. Once my grandfather was released from prison he left Qatar to join his family in Kuwait. Later the family moved to Egypt during the 1960s. My father studied Political Science in the United States and later served in the diplomatic field. Due to this family history and my upbringing, my ambitions go beyond my current profession, which is not my ultimate goal. Determined to achieve independence and success, I am aiming at e stablishing my own private company and becoming a successful business individually. We will write a custom essay sample on Self and Leadership: Assessment Project or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now

Effects Of The Great Depression On America s Economy

The Great Depression was one of the most disastrous events that negatively impacted America’s economy, and was triggered by the crash of the stock market. One long term cause of the Great Depression would be the Dust Bowl. The Dust Bowl caused the prices of many foods to decrease in price rapidly, and farmers had to give up their jobs due to the dust storm. This was one of the causes of the Great Depression because it made farmers unemployed and deprived of money. Another cause would be the banks because no one trusted the banks and did not lend them any money. Since people did not loan money to the bank, the banks in turn was not able to loan others money when they were in need of direct relief, causing many to become unable to support themselves. Herbert Hoover was elected in 1928, beating Al Smith in the election. Three things he believed in was that the economy had natural cycles, how he believed in a theory of rugged individualism, and had a wait and see approach. Therefo re, he believed that the economy would eventually fix itself back to its original state before the depression, but that was an unrealistic approach. Hoover also believed in rugged individualism, so he did not create any programs to give direct relief to the citizens who needed help. In the end, Hoover prolonged the Depression by not acting quickly and not providing help to others, especially the unemployed. FDR got elected in 1932, and he on the other hand, acted quickly to restore public confidence. HeShow MoreRelatedThe events of the 1930’s, or the Great Depression, did the most to influence contemporary America.900 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 1930’s, or the Great Depression, did the most to influence contemporary America. During the twenties, America was at its most prosperous economic times until the stock market crashed in 1929. The stock market crash led to a dramatic decline of the U.S. economy. The decline in the economy changed Americans everyday lives. In 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president and he created the New Deal to provide relief, recovery and reform. The Depression impacted America in the 1930’s in everyRead MoreAmerica s First Great Depression : Economic Crisis And Political Disorder Essay856 Words   |  4 Pages Alasdair Roberts book entitled America s First Great Depression: Economic Crisis and Political Disorder After The Panic of 1837 introduces the reader to challenges the United States dealt with in terms of economic and political crisis. He thoroughly entails the drastic decline the nation witnessed shortly after The Panic of 1837 which he coined the start of America s first Great Depression. Alasdair Roberts is a well known Canadian professor at the Truman School of Public Affairs. He frequentlyRead MoreTo What Extent Did World War Two Help The United States Of America Recover From The Effects Of The Great Depression1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression To what extent did World War Two help the United States of America recover from the effects of the Great Depression? Nirbhay Bondili Historical investigation Mr. Lissina May, 1, 2017 Question: To what extent did World War Two help the United States of America recover from the effects of the Great Depression? Evaluation of sources Source 1: Steindl, Frank G. What Ended the Great Depression? It Was Not World War II. Independent Review 12, noRead MoreThe Cause and Effects of the Great Depression Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pages1929 was the main cause of The Great Depression. In fact, The Great Depression was caused by a series of factors, and the effects of the depression were felt for many years after the stock market crash of 1929. 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The Values Of The Christian Tradition - 9036 Words

21 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK School of Education Bethel University MCKENZIE, TENNESSEE Our Vision Guided by the values of the Christian tradition, the education faculty encourages students to seek fulfillment in their personal, social, and religious lives. We provide the tools for developing integrity, leadership skills, and the desire to search for truth and knowledge throughout life. We promote critical thinking, effective communication, appreciation of cultural diversity, and we encourage the rejection of bigotry and intolerance. At Bethel, we seek to promote in all members of the university community a constructive participation in social change and a commitment to service of others at the university, in the local area, throughout the church and in the wider world. In addition, we encourage all our members to understand and respect our social order, the natural world, our Creator, and ourselves. This caring community reflects the trust, love, patience and forgiveness consistent with the spirit of Jesus Christ as it builds relationships among our students, faculty, and staff. Our Mission The mission of Bethel University is to create opportunities for members of the learning community to develop to their highest potential as whole persons-intellectually, spiritually, socially, and physically in a Christian environment. Definitions By the words, create opportunities, the University offers the means for persons to have choices and optionsShow MoreRelatedThe Four Pillars Of Christian Theology Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesI take in Christian theology or history I always seem to learn something new and interesting. I will be discussing just three topics about Christianity that I had previously not known before starting this course. So far three have stuck out to me as memorable these are the elements and types of tradition, The Quadria, and the importance of St. Paul. 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They ‘preach the gospel to all creation. ...and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit’ (Matthew 28:18-20). One of the places the Missionaries had travelled to is Africa. Both The River Between and Things Fall Apart were written during the independence period of Africa. Achebe’s novel, ThingsRead MoreHeritage Assessment Tool: Evaluation of Different Cultures and Individual Views of Health1326 Words   |  6 Pagesand the author’s own personal cultural beliefs from perspectives of health traditions, maintenance, promotion and restoration of health. The objectives are to identify different families and the own common health traditions based of the cultural heritage. Evaluate and discuss how the families ascribe to traditions and practices. The evaluation of these different cultures reveal similarities and differences in traditions that may help provide holistic optimal health delivery. The definition ofRead MoreThe Philosophical Theological Themes Discussed During The First Half Of The Course1218 Words   |  5 Pagesneed to bring about justice and to help humanity prevail. We can note the acknowledgement of the importance of service in various different Tradition’s that fall under the Christian Tradition such as the Orthodox Tradition, the Catholic Tradition, the Pentecostal Tradition, the Protestant Tradition as well as the Jesuit Tradition. Simplicity is also an adhered to trait in Christianity that is highly encouraged in the form of being self-effacing in nature and austere in living. However, although simplicityRead MoreChristian Philosophy Of Christian Theology935 Words   |  4 Pagesessay will compare different approaches in Christian theology to philosophy to see which study was more influential in our individual development. Christian theology is the study of Christian beliefs. There are four sources for this study including scripture, tradition, reasoning and experience. Scriptures are sacred writings that document historical events pertaining to Christianity. The Bible is the central location for the scriptures. Christians consider the Bible their source of truth andRead MoreChristianity : The Rise Of Christianity1512 Words   |  7 Pagesarea, Paganism was a belief that was common among all people across Europe. Paganism involved polytheistic beliefs with ritualistic tradition and animal sacrifice. This belief was common in the Anglo-Saxon tradition, which is from where the epic poem Beowulf is thought to have originated circa 550 AD. Due to the origins of Beowulf being surrounded by Pagan tradition and culture and reliance on the method of oral recitation of the story, the poem holds Pagan influences. 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Each woman had to make the choice to either accept their rel igion exactly the way it is, to reform their religious tradition, or to reject institutionalized religions completely and find their own path to experience the divineRead MoreThe Dual Inheritance Within Christianity Of Greek And Jewish Thought1424 Words   |  6 Pages(1) Describe the dual inheritance within Christianity of Greek and Jewish thought. How were these traditions similar? How were they distinct? How did each contribute to the formation of Christian life and belief? Cite MacCulloch in your answer. Christianity has been heavily influenced by both Greek and Judaic traditions. As we said in class, â€Å"the first generations of Christians were Jews who lived in a world shaped by Greek elite culture† (Christianity The First Three Thousand Years MacCulloch 2)

Gothis Elementa In Jane Eyre Essay Example For Students

Gothis Elementa In Jane Eyre Essay Gothic features are all through the novel Jane Eyre. Even though the novel is romantic, not gothic, metatonamy, references to the supernatural, and other gothic features can all be found in Jane Eyre. Charlotte Bronte uses metatonamy throughout her novel as a gothic technique, creating atmosphere. The novel begins with pathetic fallacy, with sombre clouds and penetrating rain, which reflects Janes sombre mood. This makes the reader immediately aware of the sadness of Janes childhood. Another example of this technique is in Chapter 5, where, on the journey to Lowood, it is wet and somewhat misty. The word misty gives the effect of insecurity and secrecy surrounding Lowood, and Janes future there. It also creates a gloomy atmosphere, which reflects Janes life at the school. The weather is also described as misty when Jane arrives at Thornfield in Chapter 11. This has the same effect, and also reflects Janes life at Thornfield, as it is where she discovers Mr.Rochesters secret. This use of pathetic fallacy to forewarn the reader of Mr.Rochester is also employed when Jane first meets him. The moon is pale yet as a cloud, but brightening momentarily. This brightening symbolises the brief time that Mr.Rochester and Jane are together as a couple. The moon is also used by Charlotte Bronte to give prior notice to the reader about the events on the night Mr. Mason was attacked. The moon is described as beautiful, but too solemn, which helps the reader to understand that something is about to happen which will stop it being so solemn. The word solemn also creates an effect because it is not a word that is usually used to describe the moon; this then sets the sombre mood for the rest of chapter 20. Another example of Charlotte Brontes use of metatonamy is in the final paragraph of chapter 23, when it is noted that lightening had split the horse chestnut tree in half. This symbolises Jane and Mr.Rochester, as they too are about to be split. Once again, the author has employed nature to forewarn the reader of upcoming events. The lightening has destroyed another aspect of nature, and therefore the elements are responding to the immoral position that Mr.Rochester has put Jane into. Metatonamy is one technique of using symbolism in a gothic way. Symbolism and imagery are also used at the beginning of chapter 1. Lots of spiritual imagery is used, with the haunted churchyard, marine phantoms and black horned thing. Words like haunted and phantom are very gothic words; they create a depressing and gloomy atmosphere for the beginning of the novel in which the reader is immediately thrown into. There are many spiritual references in the novel Jane Eyre. Mr.Rochester refers to Jane throughout the novel as a spirit, using terms such as sprite, changeling and fairy. The reader is constantly being bombarded with this sort of imagery, and therefore, all the way through the novel there is a spiritual element. Mid-way through chapter 23, Mr.Rochester says that there is a string connecting him and Jane, and that if the string was broken, he should take to bleeding inwardly. This is similar to the almost psychic bond that they share near the end of the novel, when Jane hears a known, loved, well-remembered voice-that of Edward Fairfax Rochester calling her name. Mr.Rochester later states in chapter 37 that at the same time, he heard Janes reply: I am coming; wait for me. Another spiritual link in the novel is presented in the relationship between Janes dreams, and the events that follow them. Whenever Jane dreams of a child, bad news follows. The supernatural is a key element in gothic novels. The first dream that Jane had involving a child lasted a week. She mentions she had been dreaming of the child on that moonlit night when I heard the cry; referring to the evening that Mr. Mason was attacked. She also receives bad news regarding the Reeds. A pattern develops that suggests that when Jane dreams of a child, bad news or events will follow. Compare and Contrast the Gilded Six Bits and the Passing of Grandson EssayThere is also a mystery of why Mr. Rochester thought someone would meddle with his and Janes marriage. Jane noted that his accent and look of exultation was savage, which adds even more mystery to the arcane character of Mr. Rochester. Savage is a word generally used to describe wild animals, and, Charlotte Bronte, in using it to describe Mr. Rochester, makes him appear as a monster, thus making the reader wary of the darker side of Mr. Rochester, and warning them in advance of the way he is likely to react when his wife is revealed. Most gothic novels contained a mysterious character. In Jane Eyre there are three: Mr. Rochester, Grace Poole and Bertha Rochester. Grace first comes under suspicion at the end of chapter 11, when Jane hears her laugh for the first time. The laugh is gothic because it is scary- Jane describes it as distinct, formal, mirthless. Just before she finds Mr. Rochesters bed alight, Jane hears a demonic laugh. This creates an atmosphere of suspense, which is an element of gothic novels, as you wonder what events will follow this demonic laugh. When the laugh is described as demonic, the reader immediately associates the laugh with the devil, and therefore as something evil. Also, it helps the reader to make an assumption that the owner of the laugh is also demonic, and, as is described in chapter 20, a fiend. There is a strong gothic feeling when Mr. Mason is attacked by Mr. Rochesters wife. Firstly, there is the mystery as to what is going on above Janes room with the fearful shriek and deadly struggle. These adjectives lead to the connotation that somebody is being murdered by someone else, and this builds up the mystery. Then, this feeling is intensified with the revelation that Mr. Mason has been attacked. A mysterious character enters again on the eve of Janes wedding, when someone enters her room and rips the veil. An aura of uncertainty is created as to who this person was, and why they were doing this. There is a gothic element of a monster in Jane Eyre. Bertha sucks the blood from Mr. Mason and said shed drain my heart. When looking back on this from the 21st Century, we can see this is typical of a vampire. Later, Jane explains that the woman who tore her wedding veil reminded her of the foul German spectre- the vampire. This imagery of the vampire is very supernatural, and therefore becomes gothic imagery. Bertha is repeatedly described as beast-like throughout the novel- when Jane is introduced to Bertha, she is unsure of whether she is beast or human being. She describes her as a strange wild animal. Her laugh is described as demonic and goblin-laughter. This use of supernatural imagery gives the effect that Bertha isnt human, and that she herself is a mystery. The gothic features used are similar to the many gothic novels of its time. These similarities lie in the plot, and literary techniques used by Charlotte Bronte. Gothic novels incorporated mystery and suspense into the plots. Jane Eyre has lots of these elements. The supernatural, and mysterious strangers are usually in the early gothic novels. Jane Eyre has many supernatural references, and three mysterious characters. Some of Jane Eyres plot is very similar to that of other gothic novels. For example, the revelation of who, and what Bertha is, is much less horrifying than the suspense that had been built up throughout the novel beforehand. This is similar to The Mysteries of Udolpho, in which a character faints after seeing something behind a veil. What it actually was was less scary than what the reader is led to believe.

Analysis of Fiction Elements in Wuthering Heights Essay Example For Students

Analysis of Fiction Elements in Wuthering Heights Essay In Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte developed characters that revolved around actual experiences from her childhood. Emily was born and raised in Thornton,Yorkshire. Haworth, a suburb of Yorkshire in Northern England, was far away from cultural London. The Haworth parsonage was nearly surrounded by a graveyard. Emily and her siblings spent most of their lives with this gloomy setting. Patrick Bronte, an Irish clergyman, was the father of six children. All of the children were very disciplined due to the enforced and cruel discipline of their father. Maria Bronte died of yphus, leaving her children without a motherly figure. Emily was fiercely independent. She was strongly opposed to formal religion. This could have been from the hardship she endured as a child. Emily felt no love from her aunt Branwell, who took care of them when her mother died. Aunt Branwell was a very religious person, yet had no compassion in her life for her nieces. She felt no bond between them (Barrons7). In Jane Eyre this real life situation was recreated between Jane and her Aunt Reed (11). Emily was left in the care of an aunt who had absolutely no affection for her. These real life situations became themes throughout the books written by both Emily and Charlotte Bronte. Emily became very loyal to her father and found it hard to leave her home environment. She stayed with her ill brother until his death in September 1848, at the early age of 30. At the funeral of her brother, Emily caught a cold and never left the house again. She went into a deep depression. Her sisters couldn’t help her. Emily died at the early age of 30, never knowing about the success Wuthering Heights would experience. Her father, Patrick Bronte, outlived all of his children (The Professor 5). After the tragedy of Emily’s death, her sister Charlotte wrote Jane Eyre, which became an immediate success. So devastated over the death of his beloved wife, Patrick retreated to his study. To fulfil the duties as a pastor, he left his study. The children were left mostly to themselves, leaving much time to create an imagination through books and writing. Most of these stories and characters were written revolving around the moors which they played by as young children (Lit. Women 225). Many themes develop throughout the book Wuthering Heights, such as love, hate, ejection, the risk of loving and revenge. Love is strongest of them all. All of these themes are throughout the character’s lives, but in the end love is the only one that remains. In Wuthering Heights, the love between the characters Heathcliff and Cathy is very difficult. Heathcliff is from a lower economic class and is less educated. He actually works for Cathy’s family as a hired hand. In her heart, she loves Heathcliff but cannot marry him because of his social status and lack of money. Cathy chooses to marry Edgar, a very wealthy man, who does love Cathy. Marrying for the wrong reasons they never find fulfillment. Cathy regrets not following her heart, to be with Heathcliff. Embittered Edgar cannot make Cathy love him. Heathcliff feels rejected, yet he never stops loving Cathy. Cathy knows in her heart she is doing wrong to marry Edgar. She said, â€Å"I have no more business marrying Edgar Linton than going to heaven† (68). Edgar is handsome, young, cheerful does love Cathy. The number one reason is money. Cathy believes it will make her happy (66). Without Cathy, Heathcliff feels hatred, but when they are together he can ace anything. .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae , .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae .postImageUrl , .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae , .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae:hover , .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae:visited , .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae:active { border:0!important; } .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae:active , .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u81a29e4576ddf4d3c47210bd928918ae:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lamb to the slaughter, The sniper and Vendetta EssayHeathcliff says he wants to become better for her. When Cathy’s father died, Heathcliff came back and gave Cathy a shoulder to cry on (36). At this point in the story Cathy has married Edgar, and realizes her huge mistake. She tells Heathcliff that when she dies, she will never lie in peace: â€Å"I’ll not lie there by myself, they may bury me twelve feet deep, and throw the church down under me, but†¦ The rest of the paper is available free of charge to our registered users. The registration process just couldn’t be easier. Log in or register now. It is all free!

How to Use the TSA Teams Sample Essay

How to Use the TSA Teams Sample EssayIf you're looking for a way to 'get your college application essay started,' you can use the TSA Teams sample essay as a guide. Here are five steps you can use to write an effective, compelling essay.The first step in writing a TSA Teams sample essay is to familiarize yourself with the basic format. Using this sample essay is a great way to start because it presents you with some clear formatting ideas. You can start by reading through the sample essay and thinking about the pros and cons of each idea you find.Next, you'll want to consider your sentence structure. Using the TSA Teams sample essay as a template can help you identify your sentence structure and how to best use these structures. One idea that will make your writing come alive is to use lots of internal and external references.Third, you'll want to come up with a short list of potential writing techniques that will help you be more efficient. For example, consider the use of ellipses and underlines. The TSA Teams sample essay provides you with three different styles of punctuation that you can use to use your writing style and set the tone for your paper.Then, there are a few great tips that can help you make sure that your writing flows. Look for places where you can italicize or underline particular words. Another good idea is to find ways to use large text without overdoing it.Using the TSA Teams sample essay as a guide, you can include a brief introduction to the topic at hand, and use the rest of the essay to move your ideas forward. Write down any key points that you feel are important, and take a little time to get them down on paper.Writing a thesis statement or essay doesn't have to be too difficult. However, if you find that it's a little intimidating, it's good to think about what your plan is for writing the paper.Most people, especially students who are under a lot of pressure, don't really have the slightest idea what they want to say in the paper because they're not in the same situation in which they're writing about current circumstances. By considering the TSA Teams sample essay, you'll be able to take your own thinking and writing into account when you go to write your final draft.

The Lady of Newkirk Plaza free essay sample

There is a patchwork-clad homeless woman that lives outside the Newkirk Plaza subway station, and every time I pass her sitting on her cold cement curb it rips my heart right out. This woman has haunted my thoughts throughout my childhood. I have always kept her at the periphery of my mind; in a way part of me is always with her, at the plaza. Yet twice a day every day for years I had passed her and justified not stopping to help her. I was always too busy – or so I told myself. The truth was, I was too uncomfortable, and too preoccupied with my own life, to even ask her name. I think that one of the reasons I passed by her so often, at least subconsciously, was the perceived futility in stopping at all. Deep down I think I felt that the problem of homelessness was too big for me; an essay on Macbeth and a math test more reasonable challenges to tackle. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lady of Newkirk Plaza or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One day as I passed her, though, I just lost it. Angry at my own inaction and my willful blindness, I went up to the lady of Newkirk Plaza and I emptied my pockets to her. If I had premeditated this at all I mightve known what to do next, but I hadnt and I didnt, and so I quickly turned a corner and found myself a stoop to sit on. I suppose I gave my money to the woman in hopes of reaching some cathartic fulfillment, but I had no such luck. As I threw my crumpled bills down, I realized how perverse the entire situation was. There is no more self-serving a reason to give than because you perceive a living, breathing human being as a route for self-fulfillment. That day, I learnt an uncomfortable truth about charity. In giving her all my money, I realized that there is no clear-cut distinction between right and wrong here; I cant just equate giving with right and not giving with wrong. Long have I struggled with the knowledge that, in my socio-economic position, I face the ethical dilemma of being the judge of the worth of other human beings on a daily basis, but it was not until that moment that I realized how much of a dizzying spectrum there is in act of giving. The spectrum is about mindfulness. Keeping in mind the humanity of the person Im giving to is as much a part of the giving: if I were to give out of pity, I would be dehumanizing the object of my aid to just that – an object. Im at a point where the underlying meaning is clear to me, but the path is still hidden. I know that I must strive towards empathy; solidarity; mindfulness in my day-to-day interactions, but I dont know quite how. Self-doubts aside, though, the lady of Newkirk Plaza has taught me that the time to start interacting with the world around me has finally come.

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buy custom Physical Therapy Education Programs essay The program offered should meet the required technical standards that are required for the successful completion of the program. The program should meet the requirements needed for the satisfactory completion of the program including: physical, behavioural and be able to develop the professional qualities needed by the faculty. The program offering the course should have all the necessary equipments that are needed to complete the course. The curriculum followed by the program should entail the essential abilities required which are: motor, communication, intellectual, and sensory abilities to able to solve problems when assessing a patient. The program should also be known to be a responsible institutio that is responsible to the public, and one that makes sure that all its graduates are competent and have the capability of ensuring that patients benefit from them. The program can achieve this by accepting persons who are intelligent, compassionate, concerned and capable to practice physical therapy. Physical therapy program should not discriminate against anyone. It should be committed to the principle of equality. It should accept anyone without leaving those with disabilities or base their selection on race, gender or age. The program should be known for producing graduates who can critically assess everything that have been taught and be able to put it into practice. The graduates should be able to relate welll with the patients fellow students, colleagues and other medical staff. They should uphold good morals, exhibit high professional standards and be able to sit for standards and guidelines of the Commission on Accreditation for Physical Therapy Education of the American Physical Therapy Association certification. The program should have modern facilities used in training, practice physical education therapist sessions, provide mentorship to the students and translate research into real life practice. The program should be in a good learning environment and should be easily accessible to everyone. The program should be giving good quality test to ensure that its graduates are highly competitive in the fields. Buy custom Physical Therapy Education Programs essay

Theme Park Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Theme Park Management - Assignment Example The maximum number of tourists are from Germany (about 50 percent), with Switzerland contributing 22 percent and France, a close second, with 18 percent. The rest 10 percent constitute visitors from other countries. Given these facts, the researcher has attempted to find out if the planning process of the theme park laid any stress on sustainable development of the local community. The research, therefore, aimed at evaluating to what extent the local residents were involved in the planning process of the park, both then and now, and the perspective of the local residents and stakeholders about their involvement, again both then and now. The researcher has used a positivistic research philosophy with a mainly deductive research approach, to establish the research objectives. Primary research (interviews, questionnaire) and secondary research (review of travel literature) were used for the project. The logic employed was that since the number of people was relatively large, a quantitative approach was employed. Though the researcher has not excluded the importance of qualitative research and in fact has included few interviews in trying to establish the aim of the project. In every research it is important to know about the research approach, how the data was collected and analysed, as the results of the research will vary accordingly. (Language Center. Writing up Research Method and Research Design.) For example, if the efficiency of the voting system in a democracy has to be determined and if a questionnaire survey is being provided to the people across the country, then it is a much better approach than randomly interviewing people. Two factors, one the huge base and the second sectional bias and prejudice will affect the results of the interviews. However, if the questionnaire has options marked as excellent, very good and good, then it gives no option to the respondent to answer in the negative. Hence, though the quantitative research method would be the best suited, it may lead to wrong conclusions, because the questions did not have exhaustive options. What is generally agreed on is that there is no 'perfect' research method. Data collection, however, is best representative when both quantitative and qualitative data is collected. So, interviews, which tell the 'inside story' is essential to understand the analysis. (Carter McNamara, Copyright 1997-2008.) In whatever which way the data is collected, analysis is best when the process starts working backward that is from the research goals. Starting this way, helps to streamline the thought, organise the data and focus on the analysis. In the Europapark project, though the aim was to determine the involvement of the local community in the initial as well as the present planning and implementation of the theme park project, the research objectives were fragmented into: Determining tourist attraction in a theme park and ways in which the local community can be involved in the project. Identifying the actual involvement of the local community in the planning process, in the design phase and in the current period. Determining the local community's perception of their involvement in the

EMBA 560 Executive position week 3 journal 3 Essay

EMBA 560 Executive position week 3 journal 3 - Essay Example When my hopes have been pinned on the outcome of an event that does not turn out as I had expected, I turn to self-denial and refuse to give up my original position. I hope against hope that things will eventually turn out how I expected them to, only for those hopes to be dashed by the throw of the dice. When my expectations go unfulfilled, it takes some time – in fact, a lot of time – for me to overcome my disbelief and extreme disappointment. Sometimes I take it as a personal affront that luck did not turn may way; there are just some changes that are too difficult to accept. I also give myself a thumbs down, though to a lesser degree, to behaviours 1 (separating strategy from tactics) and 3 (feeling threatened by obstacles rather than challenged). (2) I deserve a thumbs sideways in my ability to â€Å"see patterns and make logical connections or resolve contradictions and anticipate their consequences.† There are times when these happen and I am able to respond in an appropriate and timely manner, in which case I give myself a nice on the back and say job well done. There are also times when I completely miss the boat, and depending on my personal emotional investment in the occurrence, I either: act in the manner I described in attribute (1) above in the important matters and for which I gave myself a thumbs down; or merely shrug my shoulders and say, better luck next time, if the issue was not that important. I give myself thumbs sideways to all the other behaviours not classified as thumbs-up or thumbs-down for me. (3) I can give myself a resounding thumbs-up for being able to â€Å"prioritize seemingly conflicting goals†¦to zero in on the critical few and put aside the trivial many when allocating time and resources.† I pride myself in quickly identifying what is important and devoting for the moment my full attention and abilities on the quick resolution of the most important task at hand. I figure out it is best to get those

Profit Interests Essay Example for Free

Profit Interests Essay Over the years the law governing partnership and the payments to be allocated to the partners either for the services offered or for the property was being treated like a transaction. This aspect of partnership laws includes but not limited to payments received as interests of profit made in the partnership as payments for services rendered and this could either be viewed either as a capital or profit interests. This has for many years caused rows which are taken to the corridors of justice, courtesy of the existing substantial uncertainty and in the same vein the conflicting precedents of tax laws cases on decisions on whether profit interest should be taxed and at what rate. Albeit, in 2005 May, the IRS( Internal Revenue Service) formulated a proposal of regulations touching on the alteration of and creation a distinction profits interests and capital, establishing section 83 which determines the general rules on interest that is issued in connection with service performance, the timing, amount and income of the service provider and the issue of partnership deduction in relation to amount and timing, the recognition of gain and losses on the partnership interest and lastly the provision of a safe harbor which based on the assumption that the value of fair market equals to the liquidation value (Blum 1). The current regulations provide for regulations of taxation. The issue unclear provisions on treatment of a service partner contributing service to a partnership and receives interests in the partnerships future profits. The issue has been that when a partner receives profit interest only and not capital interest, for services rendered, is it the aggregate or the entity concept that should be applied? The courts have attempted to solve this conflict and to clarify the situation only to come up with contradicting decisions. Case law on revenue ruling. The laws were explored and revisited in the famous case of William G. Campbell v. Commissioner 943 F. 2d 815(CA 8,1991) and also in the case of Sol Diamond V. Commissioner 492 F. 2d 286 (CA-7, 1974) on profit interest taxation (Englebrecht 1). In the Diamond case a taxpayer was restrained from converting capital gains from ordinary income. Diamond entered a joint venture with a partner for purposes of purchasing a building to be used as an office. The appellant did not contribute any capital but they made an arrangement where he would be the financier for the project and in return he receives 60% interest on the future profits. The appellant after the purchase of the building, sold off his interest to the partner and did not declare income he received from the profit interest. Nevertheless, he reported a short term capital gain the sale resulting to him to offset this gain. The seventh circuit concurring with the tax court ruled that no laws were clear on provision that profit interests which are compensatory receipts are free from taxation. The decision in both case in favour of the commissioner, in the later case it cited the tax rule section 83. was clear and that property received in compensatory to be income on receipt and falls within both the capital interest and profit interests According to section 1. 21-3 (e) excludes unfunded and /or unsecured promises from income recognition. Tax court ruled that profit interest per se is property thus taxable as under the provisions of section 83. On appeal to the eight circuit though it considered that there was no proof that Campbell did not receive his partnership interest for purposes of tax avoidance the circuit did not overturn the decision of the tax court but pointed out that when deciding such cases other factors should also be considered (Englebrechtc3). The loophole in the revenue regulations is the cause of the there is no clear cut rule to be applied when deciding revenue cases. This could be a factors that led to the proposal of the new regulations by the IRS. Profits interest Profits interest can be defined as an interest with a zero capital account and in case of liquidation of a partnership on a material date of transfer then such an account will be entitled to nothing (Bartlett 1). Notice 2005-43 (section 83 principles apply) This is the proposed revenue procedure regarding partnership interests transferred in connection to service performance. Under these new rules the provisions are that a person who receives a partnership interest will be liable to pay income tax rates which rate will have its basis on fair market interest value at the specific time when the interest was received and a consequent corresponding deduction made to the partnership. Apparently, in the partnerships there is no recognition of loss or gain in connection to the issuance of the interest (partnership interest) to the specified service provider. According to Bruce Hood if there is a substantial risk of forfeiture of the partners interest at the time of issue, then it cannot be subjected to current taxation rules until the time it vests 30 days from grant date, then the recipient has an option to be taxed under section 83(b) which has provision on non-vest interest (12). Distinctions between capital and profits interests. Capital interests is interest obtained when existing partners in a partnership opt to retain their rights wholly to the partnership assets in the marker value that is current, while profit interest occurs when new partners are granted right to receiving (shares of)future profits. The later can also be referred to as carried profits ( Cain 8). The two scenarios occur when partners enter into an agreement to divide the components of their existing equity interest. In a nutshell the guidance of the proposed regulations eliminates the stated distinction between capital interest and profit interest. In this regard interest in the partnership issued and in connection to the service performance are treated in a like manner as such and thus are taxable in accordance to section 83. In summary the major distinction between the two is that capital interest are clearly taxable while the has been a conflict on provisions on whether profit interest should be taxable depending on if it falls under service provision or otherwise. Safe harbor (for profits interests) election based on liquidation values. The provision for safe harbor is under section for of the new IRS regulations, this can generally be described to be a statute provision either reducing or eliminating a partys liability, so long as the party acted in good faith and it is a methodor option by which patnerships would incur tax. Specifically, the procedure effectively permits a patnership to elect under its terms and qualify to value its interests depending on the liquidation value of the patneship interests. Arthur Willis and his co- authors explain that under the Safe Harbor, the fair market value of a Safe Harbor Partnership Interest is treated as being equal to the liquidation value of that interest and thus, liquidation value is determined without regard to any lapse restriction (as defined at 1. 83-3(i)) this means that the deduction is available in accordance with the service recipient’s method of accounting(Willis et al,13). Vested and non-vested profit interests (what happens when vested) According to section 83 a non-vested interest should not be subjected to taxation unless it becomes vested. The non-vested interest which no election has been made under section 83 (b), will not be treated as ownership of the recipient and at the same time the recipient cannot be treated like a partner and thus not allocated partnership tax until the time when vesting will occur or a subsequent election for it to be taxed in current state is made. Vested interest are expounded on as being governed by section 83a and non-vest interest under section 83b of the revenue regulations (Haufler 21). Section 83(b) and its election The proposed regulations make clear that both capital and profits interests in a partnership are property subject to the rules of Code section 83. 30 . According to Rubin the proposed regulations also clarify that the non-recognition rules of section 721 (applicable to receipt of a partnership interest in exchange for property) are inapplicable to the receipt of any partnership interest ( Rubin 3). For capital account created for maintenance purposes, proposed regulations thus increase the capital account of service provider by the amount the provider takes into income as provided under Code section 83 including the amount paid for the interest, if any. RP 93-27 -when someone is qualified (qualifications) and status as a partner. The aforementioned procedure revenue procedure 93-27 as provided for in the regulation, alters the historic view on profit interests but in the spirit elaborates that issuing of profit interest made by a partnership in exchange of services does not result to it being a current income while if the capital interest was issued and it was not subject to a risk of forfeiture which was not substantial then it can be said that it was a recognition of income by the service provider resulting to a deduction from the partnership or depending if it is applicable a currently capitalized expenditure (Blum 4). What should taxpayers do now in response to the proposed regulations? In concluding this discussion, due to the absent guidance from the IRS then it is recommendable and advisable for partners to know how they can deal with the profit interests. First, the partners can together scrutinize section 707 and ensure that their arrangements to be structured in such a way that it avoids in total appearance of stated income in the section. This will help reduce the risk of the transaction being treated as a taxable receipt of income (Englebrecht 4). Secondly the interest received should ideally be classified as subordinate to other classes and the agreement should not mention the value of the services to be provided by the recipient partner. Another credible advise is that the partners should not leave the partnership after sell of his/her interest this will help to minimize the risk the interest received being placed on a value and lastly the partner should avoid receipt of distributions which would indicate an immediate return on the interest and thus a determinable value.

Politics and the Environment :: Environmental Climate Change

The July 9, 2002 release of the World Wildlife Fund’s third â€Å"Living Planet† report - which asserts that the human race is currently consuming resources at a rate 20% percent greater than the Earth’s ability to regenerate - coincided unsurprisingly with the simultaneous release of two counter-dispatches by the Cato Institute. In conjunction with an additional counter-argument published in the Institute’s August 26 edition of â€Å"Policy Analysis,† these two dispatches serve as a fairly accurate example of Conservative/Libertarian criticisms of the environmentalist movement or at least as examples prominent enough to merit scrutiny. The August 26 piece, written by Jerry Taylor, draws heavily on evidence presented by Patrick J. Michaels, a professor of meteorology whom William K. Stevens of the New York Times regards as arguably one of â€Å"the two most persistent and visib!le† scientists skeptical of climate change. The other two dispat ches, written by Reason magazine’s science correspondent Ronald Bailey and the late anti-Malthusian environmentalist critic Julian L. Simon, though both originally published prior to the WWF’s â€Å"Living Planet† report are still relevant because of the prominence of their critique within policy circles advocating free markets and limited government. The Living Planet report, itself, is divided into two distinct parts. The first is the Living Planet Index, which was calculated by measuring population data from 1970 to 1995 for three abstracted categories of wildlife - forest, freshwater, and marine. The data used for the Index was gathered by the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). The Living Planet Index is primarily an indicator of ecosystem health as a function of species decline and as such will not be focused on in depth here as it does not pertain directly to the global warming debate. The second part of the report (the WWF’s assessment of humanity’s Ecological Footprint) hopes to measure the amount of the Earth’s biologically productive land that the global population, a nation, and an average member of that nation inhabits in one year. The footprint is measured in Global Hectares: a measurement defined by the WWF as â€Å"one hectare of biologically productive space with world average productivity.† There are currently 11.4 billion hectares of biologically productive land total - one quarter of the planet’s surface. Of these 11.4 billion hectares: 2.0 bil is ocean, 1.5 bil is cropland, 3.5 bil is grazing land, 3.8 bil is forest cover, .3 bil inland water, and .

Elements of Energy Efficient House

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY Elements of an Energy-Efficient House You have much to consider when designing and building a new energy-efficient house, and it can be a challenge. However, recent technological improvements in building elements and construction techniques also allow most modern energysaving ideas to be seamlessly integrated into house designs while improving comfort, health, or aesthetics. And even though some energy-efficient features are expensive, there are others that many home buyers can afford. While design costs, options, and styles vary, most energy-efficient homes have some basic elements in common: a wellconstructed and tightly sealed thermal envelope; controlled ventilation; properly DOE/GO-10200-1070 FS-207 July 2000 This house in Illinois has many energy-efficient features, including advanced framing techniques, insulated sheathing, and an advanced ductwork system. It was built by Town and Country Homes as part of DOE's Building America Program. DEP A NT OF ME EN RT ST A AT E S OF M ER This document was produced for the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), a DOE national laboratory. The document was produced by the Information Services Program, under the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse (EREC) is operated by NCI Information Systems, Inc. , for NREL / DOE. The statements contained herein are based on information known to EREC and NREL at the time of printing. No recommendation or endorsement of any product or service is implied if mentioned by EREC. Printed with a renewable-source ink on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste ICA Photo by Sara Farrar, NREL/PIX07134 CLEARINGHOUSE GY ER sized, high-efficiency heating and cooling systems; and energy-efficient doors, windows, and appliances. Thermal Envelope A thermal envelope is everything about the house that serves to shield the living space from the outdoors. It includes the wall and roof assemblies, insulation, air/vapor retarders, windows, and weatherstripping and caulking. Wall and Roof Assemblies Most builders use traditional wood frame construction. Wood framing is a â€Å"tried and true† construction technique that uses a potentially renewable resource—wood— U N IT ED to provide a structurally sound, long-lasting house. With proper construction and attention to details, the conventional wood-framed home can be very energyefficient. It is now even possible to purchase a sustainably harvested wood. Foundation walls and slabs should be as well insulated as the living space walls. Some of the available and popular energyefficient construction methods include the following: Optimum Value Engineering (OVE). This method uses wood only where it is most effective, thus reducing costly wood use and saving space for insulation. The amount of lumber has been determined to be structurally sound through both laboratory and field tests. However, the builder must be familiar with this type of construction to ensure a structurally sound house. Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs). These sheets are generally made of plywood or oriented-strand board (OSB) that is laminated to foam board. The foam may be 4 to 8 inches thick. Because the SIP acts as both the framing and the insulation, construction is much faster than OVE or stick framing. The quality of construction is often superior because there are fewer places for workers to make mistakes. Insulating Concrete Forms (ICF). Houses constructed in this manner consist of two layers of extruded foam board (one inside the house and one outside the house) that act as the form for a steel-reinforced concrete center. It’s the fastest technique and least likely to have construction mistakes. Such buildings are also very strong and easily exceed code requirements for areas prone to tornadoes or hurricanes. Insulation An energy-efficient house has much higher insulation R-values than required by most local building codes. An R-value is the ability of a material to resist heat transfer, and the lower the value, the faster the heat loss. For example, a typical house in New York might have insulation of R-11 in the exterior walls and R-19 in the ceiling, while the floors and foundation walls may not be insulated. A similar, but welldesigned and constructed house will have insulation levels that range from R-20 to R-30 in the walls and from R-50 to R-70 in the ceilings. Carefully applied fiberglass batt or rolls, wet-spray cellulose, or foam insulation will fill wall cavities completely. Foundation walls and slabs should be as well insulated as the living space walls. Poorly insulated foundations have a negative impact on home energy use and comfort, especially if the family uses the lower parts of the house as a living space. Also, appliances—such as domestic hot water heaters, washers, dryers, and freezers— that supply heat as a byproduct are often located in the basement. By carefully insulating the foundation walls and floor of the basement, these appliances can assist in heating the house. While most new houses have good insulation levels, it is often poorly installed. In general, gaps and compaction of insulation reduce its effectiveness. Photo by Craig Miller Productions, NREL/PIX02452 Air/Vapor Retarders Water vapor condensation is a major threat to the structure of a house, no matter what the climate. In cold climates, pressure differences can drive warm, moist indoor air into exterior walls and Workers install a structural insulated panel. 2 This house in Arizona features a passive solar design with overhangs above the south facing windows. The best windows are awning and casement styles because these styles often close tighter than sliding types. ttics. The air condenses as it cools. The same can be said for southern climates, just in reverse. As the humid outdoor air enters the walls and encounters cooler wall cavities, it condenses into liquid water. This is the main reason why some buildings in the South have problems with mold and rotten wood after they’re retrofitted with air conditioners. A vapor retarder is a material or structu ral element that can be used to inhibit the movement of water vapor, while an air retarder can inhibit airflow, into and out of a house’s envelope. How to design and install vapor retarders depends a great deal on the climate and on the chosen construction method. However, any water vapor that does manage to get into the walls or attics must be allowed to escape. Regardless of climate, water vapor migration should be minimized by using a carefully designed thermal envelope and sound construction practices. Systems that control air and water vapor movement in homes rely on the nearly airtight installation of sheet materials on the interior as the main barrier. The Airtight Drywall Approach (ADA) uses the drywall already being installed along with gaskets and caulking to create a 3 ontinuous air retarder. In addition, seams where foundation, sill plate, floor joist header, and subfloor meet are also carefully sealed with appropriate caulk or gasket material. Consult your local building codes official on the best vapor retarder method to use in your area. Windows The typical home loses more than 25 percent of its heat through windo ws. Even modern windows insulate less than a wall. Therefore, an energy-efficient house in a heating-dominated climate should, in general, have few windows on its northern, eastern, and western sides. Total window area should also not exceed 8 to 9 percent of the floor area for those rooms, unless the designer is experienced in passive solar techniques. If this is the case, then increasing window area on the southern side of the house to about 12 percent of the floor area is recommended. This is often called solar tempering. A properly designed roof overhang for south-facing windows will help prevent overheating in the summer. North, east, Photo by Sara Farrar, NREL/PIX08155 and west windows should have low Solar Heat Gain Coefficients (SHGC). South windows with properly sized overhangs should have a high SHGC to allow winter sun (and heat) to enter the house. The overhang blocks the high summer sun (and heat). If properly sized overhangs are not possible, a low SHGC glass should be selected for the south windows. At the very least, you should use windows (and doors) with an Energy Star ® label, which are twice as energy efficient as those produced 10 years ago, according to regional, climatic guidelines (note: houses with any kind of solar tempering have other guidelines). The best windows are awning and casement styles because these often close tighter than sliding types. In all climates, window glass facing south without overhangs can cause a problem on the cooling side that far exceeds the benefit from the winter solar gains. when compared to other houses of the same type and age. You can accomplish most air sealing by using two materials: caulking and weatherstripping. Caulking can be used to seal areas of potential air leakage into or out of a house. And weatherstripping can be used to seal gaps around windows and exterior doors. Controlled Ventilation Good air sealing alone may reduce utility costs by as much as 50 percent. Since an energy-efficient house is tightly sealed, it needs to be ventilated in a controlled manner. Controlled, mechanical ventilation prevents health risks from indoor air pollution, promotes a more comfortable atmosphere, and reduces air moisture infiltration, thus reducing the likelihood of structural damage. Furnaces, water heaters, clothes dryers, and bathroom and kitchen exhaust fans expel air from the house, making it easier to depressurize an airtight house if all else is ignored. But natural-draft appliances may be back-drafted by exhaust fans, which can lead to a lethal buildup of toxic Weatherstripping and Caulking You should seal air leaks everywhere in a home’s thermal envelope to reduce energy loss. Good air sealing alone may reduce utility costs by as much as 50 percent Ceiling light fixture Electrical wires penetrating vapor barrier Joints at attic hatch Vents from bathroom and kitchen Joints at interior partitions Joints between wall and ceiling Joints at windows Electric meter Electrical service entrance Electrical panel Electrical outlets and switches Plumbing stack penetration Chimney penetration of ceiling Holes through air-vapor barrier Joint between bottom plate and floor Cracks around doors Joint between joists and basement wall Service entrance for cable TV, telephone, fuel, etc. Air leakage can occur in many places throughout a home. 4 Heating and Cooling Systems Stale room air return Specifying the correct sizes for heating and cooling systems in airtight, energy-efficient homes can be tricky. Rule-of-thumb sizing is often inaccurate, resulting in wasteful operation. Conscientious builders and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning contractors size heating and cooling equipment based on careful consideration of the thermal envelope characteristics. Outside air inlet Fresh air supply Air-to-air heat exchanger Exhaust air Heat recovery ventilation. Generally, energy-efficient homes require relatively small heating systems, typically less than 50,000 Btu/hour even for very cold climates. Some require nothing more than sunshine as the primary source of heat along with auxiliary heat from radiant in-floor heating, a standard gas-fired water heater, a small boiler, a furnace, or electric heat pump. Any common appliance that gives off â€Å"waste† heat can also contribute significantly to the heating requirements for such houses. If an air conditioner is required, it’s often a small unit and sufficient for all but the warmest climates. Sometimes only a large fan and the cooler evening air are needed to make the house comfortable. The house is closed up in the morning and stays cool until the next evening. Smaller-capacity heating and cooling systems are usually less expensive to buy and operate. This helps recover the costs of purchasing more insulation, and other energy-efficient products, such as windows and appliances. Always look for the EnergyGuide label on heating and cooling equipment. The label will rate how efficient it is as compared to others available on the market. In climates where summer cooling requirements dominate, light-colored materials and coatings (paint) on the exterior siding and roof can help reduce cooling requirements by up to 15 percent. Carefully selected and placed vegetation in any climate also contributes to reduced cooling and heating loads. ases in the house. For this reason, sealedcombustion heating appliances, which use only outside air for combustion and vent combustion gases directly to the outdoors, are very important for ventilation energy efficiency and safety. Heat recovery ventilators (HRV) or energy recovery ventilators (ERV) are growing in use for controlled ventilation in airtight homes. These ventilators can salvage about 70 per cent of the energy from the stale exhaust air and transfer that energy to the fresh air entering by way of a heat exchanger inside the device. They can be attached to the central forced air system or may have their own duct system. Other ventilation devices, such as through-the-wall or â€Å"trickle† vents, may be used in conjunction with an exhaust fan. They are, however, more expensive to operate and possibly more uncomfortable to use because they have no energy recovery features to precondition the incoming air. Uncomfortable incoming air can be a serious problem in northern climates and can create moisture problems in humid climates. Therefore, this ventilation strategy is only for arid climates. Other systems pull outside air in with a small outside duct on the return side of the furnace. Generally, energyefficient homes require relatively small heating systems. 5 Energy-Efficient Appliances Higher efficiency appliances provide a measure of insurance against energy prices and emit less air pollution. Appliances with relatively high operating efficiencies are usually more expensive to purchase. However, higher efficiency appliances provide a measure of insurance against increases in energy prices, emit less air pollution, and are attractive selling points when the home is resold. Home buyers should invest in high-efficiency appliances—such as water heaters, clothes washers and dryers, dishwashers, and refrigerators—especially if these appliances will be used a great deal. Because all major appliances must have an EnergyGuide label, read the label carefully to make sure you buy the most efficient appliance. To help you choose wisely, major appliances with an Energy Star ® label exceed the federal government’s minimum efficiency standards by a large percentage. Energy-efficient lighting helps keep energy bills down by producing less heat and reducing cooling requirements. Fluorescent lighting, both conventional tube and compact, is generally the most energyefficient for most home applications. always done before. They may need more training if they have no experience with these systems. Building and Buying Before you start a home-building project, the building site and its climate should be carefully evaluated to determine the optimum design and orientation for the house. There are energy-related computer software programs that can help with these evaluations. The design should accommodate appropriate insulation levels, moisture dynamics, and aesthetics. Decisions regarding appropriate windows, doors, and heating, cooling and ventilating appliances are central to an efficient design. Also the cost, ease of construction, the builder’s limitations, and local building code compliance should be competently evaluated. Some plans are relatively simple and inexpensive to construct, while others can be extremely complex and, thus, expensive. An increasing number of builders are participating in the federal government’s Building America and Energy Star ® Homes programs, as well as local home energy rating programs, all of which promote the construction of energy-efficient houses. Many of these builders construct energy-efficient homes to differentiate themselves from their competitors. Construction costs can vary significantly depending on the materials, construction techniques, contractor profit margin, experience, and the type of heating, cooling, and ventilation system chosen. Because energy-efficient homes require less money to operate, many lenders now offer energy-efficient mortgages (EEMs). EEMs typically have lower points and allow for the stretching of debt-to-income ratios. State and local government energy offices can be contacted for information on region-specific financing. In the end, your energy-efficient house will provide you with superior comfort and lower operating costs, not to mention a higher real estate market value. The building site and its climate should be carefully evaluated to determine the optimum design. Advantages and Disadvantages Houses that incorporate all of the above elements of energy efficiency have many advantages. They feel more comfortable because the additional insulation keeps the interior wall at a more comfortable and stable temperature. The indoor humidity is also better controlled, and drafts are reduced. A tightly sealed air/vapor retarder reduces the likelihood of moisture and air seeping through the walls. They are also very quiet because the extra insulation and tight construction helps to keep exterior noise out better. But these houses also have some potential disadvantages. They may cost more and take longer to build than a conventional home if there’s a lack of builder familiarity with new construction techniques and products available on the market. Even though the house’s structure may differ only slightly from conventional homes, the builder and contractors may be unwilling to deviate from what they’ve 6 Resources The following are sources of additional information on energy-efficient houses: The Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse (EREC) P. O. Box 3048 Merrifield, VA 22116 1-800-DOE-EREC (1-800-363-3732) E-mail: doe. [email  protected] om Web site: http://www. eren. doe. gov/consumerinfo/ EREC provides free general and technical information to the public on many topics and technologies pertaining to energy efficiency and renewable energy. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Building Technologies Department MS 90-3111 Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Phone: (510) 486-6845; Fax: (510) 486-4089 Web site: http://eetd. lb l. gov/btp/btp. html Provides information on past and current research in buildings energy efficiency. National Renewable Energy Laboratory The Center for Buildings and Thermal Systems 1617 Cole Blvd. Golden, CO 80401 Web site: http://www. nrel. gov/buildings_thermal Provides information on energy-efficient buildings. Organizations American Solar Energy Society, Inc. (ASES) 2400 Central Avenue, G-1 Boulder, CO 80301 Phone: (303) 443-3130; Fax: (303) 443-3212 E-mail: [email  protected] org Web site: http://www. ases. org A national advocacy organization dedicated to the use of solar energy in buildings. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Buildings Technology Center P. O. Box 2008, MS-6070 Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6070 Phone: (865) 574-5206; Fax Number: (865) 574-5227 Web site: http://www. ornl. ov/ORNL/BTC/ Provides information on research in buildings energy efficiency. Building America U. S. Department of Energy Office of Building Systems, EE-41 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, D. C. 20585-0121 Web site: http://www. eren. doe. gov/buildings/ building_america/ Works with the home building industry to produce quality homes that use up to 50 percent less energy without costing more to build. Sustainable Buildings Industry Council (SBIC) 1331 H Street, NW, Suite 1000 Washington, DC 20005-4706 Phone: (202) 628-7400; Fax: (202) 393-5043 E-mail: [email  protected] org Web site: http://www. bicouncil. org Promotes the use of energy-efficient and passive solar building design and construction. Web Sites Building Energy Software Tools U. S. Department of Energy Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs Web site: http://www. eren. doe. gov/buildings/tools_ directory/ Describes many energy-related software tools for buildings, with an emphasis on renewable energy, and energy efficiency. Efficient Windows Collaborative Alliance to Save Energy 1200 18th Street NW, Suite 900 Washington, D. C. 20036 Phone: (202) 857-0666; Fax: (202) 331-9588 E-mail: [email  protected] rg Web site: http:/ /www. efficientwindows. org/ Provides unbiased information on the benefits of energy-efficient windows, descriptions of how they work, and recommendatio ns for their selection and use. Cool Roof Materials Database Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Web site: http://eetd. lbl. gov/coolroof/ Assists with the selection of roofing materials that reflect instead of absorb the sun’s radiant energy. Energy Star ® U. S. Department of Energy and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Phone: (888) STAR-YES (1-888-782-7937) E-mail: [email  protected] gov Web site: http:/ /www. nergystar. gov/ Provides lists of Energy Star ®-qualified products, including appliances and windows, as well as information on its energyefficient homes program. Green Buildings Center of Excellence for Sustainable Development Web site: http://www. sustainable. doe. gov/buildings/ gbintro. htm Provides information and links on energy-efficient buildings. (Continued on page 8) 7 Continued from page 7 The Residential Energy Efficiency Database Web site: http://www. its-canada. com/reed/ Provides a wide-range of information on energy-efficient houses, includ ing house plans. The Passive Solar Design and Construction Handbook, M. Crosbie (ed), J. Wiley, 1997. Available for purchase from ASES (see Resources). Residential Windows: A Guide to New Technology and Energy Performance, J. Carmody, S. Selkowitz, and L. Herschong, Norton Professional Books, 1996. Phone: 1-800-233-4830; http://www. wwnorton. com/npb/. Insulation Fact Sheet, U. S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 1997. Available from ORNL in PDF and HTML at http://www. ornl. gov/roofs+walls/insulation/. Print version is available from EREC (see Resources). Zip Code Insulation Database Oak Ridge National Laboratory Web site: http://www. ornl. gov/~roofs/Zip/ZipHome. html Provides information by zip code on the most economic insulation levels for new or existing homes. Reading List The following publications provide further information about energy-efficient home elements. The list is not exhaustive, nor does the mention of any publication constitute a recommendation or endorsement. Periodicals Energy Design Update. Published by Cutter Information Corporation, 37 Broadway, Arlington, MA 02474-5552; Phone: (800) 964-5118 or (781) 648-8700; Web site: http:// www. utter. com. This monthly newsletter contains information for professionals interested in energyefficient building technologies. Product reviews appear regularly. Environmental Building News. 28 Birge Street, Brattleboro, VT 05301; Phone: (802) 257-7300; Web site: http://www. BuildingGreen. com. This bimonthly newsletter covers a wide variety of topics. The Journal of Light Constru ction. Published by Builderburg Partners, Ltd. , 932 West Main Street, Richmond, VT 05477; Phone: (800) 375-5981. This monthly journal often features articles on energy conservation techniques for the home builder. Home Energy Magazine. 2124 Kittredge Street, #95, Berkeley, CA 94704; Phone: (510) 524-5405; E-mail: [email  protected] org,; Web site: http://www. homeenergy. org/. It’s a source of information on reducing energy consumption in the home. Solpan Review. Published by Drawing-Room Graphic Services, Ltd. , P. O. Box 86627, North Vancouver, BC V71 412 , Canada; Phone (604) 689-1841. This bimonthly newsletter features articles on energy conservation for the building industry, including information on new products and energy-efficient practices in residential construction. Books, Pamphlets, and Reports Buildings for a Sustainable America Case Studies, B. Miller, ASES, 1997. Available from ASES or SBIC (see Resources). Building Green in a Black & White World, D. Johnston, Home Builder Press, 2000; Phone: (800) 223-2665; http://www. builderbooks. com. Consumer Guide to Home Energy Savings, A. Wilson and J. Morrill, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, 2000; Phone: (510) 549-9914; http://aceee. org/. The Efficient House Sourcebook, R. Sardinsky, Rocky Mountain Institute. Available from SBIC (see Resources). Energy Savers: Tips on Saving Energy and Money at Home, U. S. Department of Energy. Available in PDF and HTML at http://www. eren. doe. gov/consumerinfo/energy_ savers/ or print version from EREC (see Resources). Fine Homebuilding: Energy-Efficient Houses, Fine Homebuilding magazine. Available from SBIC (see Resources). Moisture Control Handbook: Principals and Practices for Residential and Small Commercial Buildings, J. Lstiburek and J. Carmody, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. , 1993. Available from the Building Science Corporation at (978) 589-5100 (phone); (978) 589-5103 (fax); or http://www. buildingscience. com. 8